An educational infographic titled 'Work and Energy: Key Questions & Concepts' featuring: Core Definitions: Work (W=F×d), Kinetic/Potential Energy formulas with SI units (Joules) Problem Types: Calculations for lifting objects, spring compression, and friction losses Graphical Analysis: Work as area under F-d curves, energy transformation diagrams.

Work and energy

Question 1

The work done by the weight of a 1 Kg mass while it moves up through 1 m is:

  • a. 9.8 J
  • b. -9.8 J
  • c. 1/9.8 J
  • d. -1/9.8 J

Question 2

A force of 10 N acts on a body towards the east. Work done by the force while the body moves through 1 m in east-north direction (midway between east and north) is:

  • a. 10√2 J
  • b. 10/√2 J
  • c. -10 J
  • d. -10/√2 J

Question 3

When a stone tied to a string is whirled in a circle, the work done on it by the string is:

  • a. Positive
  • b. Negative
  • c. Zero
  • d. Undefined

Question 4

A body of mass 2 Kg is dropped from a height of 1 m. Its kinetic energy as it reaches the ground is:

  • a. 19.6 J
  • b. 19.6 N
  • c. 19.6 Kg
  • d. 19.6 m

Question 5

A person A does 500 J of work in 10 minutes and another person B does 600 J of work in 20 minutes. Let the power delivered by A and B be P1 and P2 respectively then,

  • a. P1 = P2
  • b. P1 > P2
  • c. P1 < P2
  • d. P1 and P2 are undefined

Question 6

A car is accelerated on a leveled road and acquires a velocity of 4 times its initial velocity. During the process, the potential energy of the car:

  • a. Does not change
  • b. Becomes twice that of initial potential energy
  • c. Becomes 4 times that of initial potential energy
  • d. Becomes 16 times that of initial potential energy

Question 7

An object is falling freely from a height of x. After it has fallen a height of x/2, it will possess:

  • a. Only potential energy
  • b. Only kinetic energy
  • c. Half potential energy and half kinetic energy
  • d. Less potential energy and more kinetic energy

Question 8

An electric motor raises a load of 0.2 Kg at a constant speed, through a vertical distance of 3.0 m in 2 seconds. If the acceleration of free fall is 10 m/s^2, the power in watt developed by the motor in raising the load is:

  • a. 0.3
  • b. 1.2
  • c. 3.0
  • d. 6.0

Question 9

Which of the following is not the unit of energy?

  • a. Joule
  • b. Newton-meter
  • c. Kilowatt
  • d. Kilowatt-hour

Question 10

How much energy does a 100-watt electric bulb transfer in 1 minute?

  • a. 100 J
  • b. 600 J
  • c. 3600 J
  • d. 6000 J

Solutions

Question 1

The work done by the weight of a 1 Kg mass while it moves up through 1 m is:

Solution

The work done is negative because the direction of force is opposite to the direction of displacement.

[
W = F times d times cos(180^circ) = -9.8 , text{J}
]

Answer: b. -9.8 J

Question 2

A force of 10 N acts on a body towards the east. Work done by the force while the body moves through 1 m in east-north direction is:

Solution

The angle between the force and the direction of motion is ( 45^circ ).

[
W = F times d times cos(45^circ) = 10 times frac{1}{sqrt{2}} , text{J}
]

Answer: b. ( 10/sqrt{2} , text{J} )

Question 3

When a stone tied to a string is whirled in a circle, the work done on it by the string is:

Solution

The stone moves in a direction perpendicular to the force, so no work is done.

Answer: c. Zero

Question 4

A body of mass 2 Kg is dropped from a height of 1 m. Its kinetic energy as it reaches the ground is:

Solution

The kinetic energy is given by ( KE = m times g times h ).

[
KE = 2 , text{Kg} times 9.8 , text{m/s}^2 times 1 , text{m} = 19.6 , text{J}
]

Answer: a. 19.6 J

Question 5

A person A does 500 J of work in 10 minutes and another person B does 600 J of work in 20 minutes. Let the power delivered by A and B be ( P_1 ) and ( P_2 ) respectively.

Solution

Power is given by ( P = frac{W}{t} ).

[
P_1 = frac{500 , text{J}}{600 , text{s}} quad text{and} quad P_2 = frac{600 , text{J}}{1200 , text{s}}
]
[
P_1 = P_2
]

Answer: a. ( P_1 = P_2 )

Question 6

A car is accelerated on a leveled road and acquires a velocity of 4 times its initial velocity. During this process, the potential energy of the car:

Solution

Since the car is on a leveled road, its height doesn’t change. Therefore, its potential energy remains the same.

Answer: a. Does not change

Question 7

An object is falling freely from a height of ( x ). After it has fallen a height of ( x/2 ), it will possess:

Solution

When the object has fallen ( x/2 ), it has converted some of its initial potential energy into kinetic energy. Therefore, it has both kinetic and potential energy.

Answer: c. Half potential energy and half kinetic energy

Question 8

An electric motor raises a load of 0.2 Kg at a constant speed, through a vertical distance of 3.0 m in 2 seconds. If the acceleration of free fall is ( 10 , text{m/s}^2 ), the power in watt developed by the motor in raising the load is:

Solution

Power ( P = frac{W}{t} )

Work ( W = F times d )

[
F = m times g = 0.2 times 10 = 2 , text{N}, quad d = 3 , text{m}
]
[
P = frac{2 times 3}{2} = 3 , text{W}
]

Answer: c. 3.0

Question 9

Which of the following is not the unit of energy?

Solution

Kilowatt is a unit of power, not energy.

Answer: c. Kilowatt

Question 10

How much energy does a 100-watt electric bulb transfer in 1 minute?

Solution

Energy ( E = P times t )

[
E = 100 , text{W} times 60 , text{s} = 6000 , text{J}
]

Answer: d. 6000 J

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