Work and energy





 

Question 1

The work done by the weight of a 1 Kg mass while it moves up through 1 m is:

  • a. 9.8 J
  • b. -9.8 J
  • c. 1/9.8 J
  • d. -1/9.8 J

Question 2

A force of 10 N acts on a body towards the east. Work done by the force while the body moves through 1 m in east-north direction (midway between east and north) is:

  • a. 10√2 J
  • b. 10/√2 J
  • c. -10 J
  • d. -10/√2 J

Question 3

When a stone tied to a string is whirled in a circle, the work done on it by the string is:

  • a. Positive
  • b. Negative
  • c. Zero
  • d. Undefined

Question 4

A body of mass 2 Kg is dropped from a height of 1 m. Its kinetic energy as it reaches the ground is:

  • a. 19.6 J
  • b. 19.6 N
  • c. 19.6 Kg
  • d. 19.6 m

Question 5

A person A does 500 J of work in 10 minutes and another person B does 600 J of work in 20 minutes. Let the power delivered by A and B be P1 and P2 respectively then,

  • a. P1 = P2
  • b. P1 > P2
  • c. P1 < P2
  • d. P1 and P2 are undefined

Question 6

A car is accelerated on a leveled road and acquires a velocity of 4 times its initial velocity. During the process, the potential energy of the car:

  • a. Does not change
  • b. Becomes twice that of initial potential energy
  • c. Becomes 4 times that of initial potential energy
  • d. Becomes 16 times that of initial potential energy

Question 7

An object is falling freely from a height of x. After it has fallen a height of x/2, it will possess:

  • a. Only potential energy
  • b. Only kinetic energy
  • c. Half potential energy and half kinetic energy
  • d. Less potential energy and more kinetic energy

Question 8

An electric motor raises a load of 0.2 Kg at a constant speed, through a vertical distance of 3.0 m in 2 seconds. If the acceleration of free fall is 10 m/s^2, the power in watt developed by the motor in raising the load is:

  • a. 0.3
  • b. 1.2
  • c. 3.0
  • d. 6.0

Question 9

Which of the following is not the unit of energy?

  • a. Joule
  • b. Newton-meter
  • c. Kilowatt
  • d. Kilowatt-hour

Question 10

How much energy does a 100-watt electric bulb transfer in 1 minute?

  • a. 100 J
  • b. 600 J
  • c. 3600 J
  • d. 6000 J

Solutions

Question 1

The work done by the weight of a 1 Kg mass while it moves up through 1 m is:

Solution

The work done is negative because the direction of force is opposite to the direction of displacement.

\[
W = F \times d \times \cos(180^\circ) = -9.8 \, \text{J}
\]

Answer: b. -9.8 J

Question 2

A force of 10 N acts on a body towards the east. Work done by the force while the body moves through 1 m in east-north direction is:

Solution

The angle between the force and the direction of motion is \( 45^\circ \).

\[
W = F \times d \times \cos(45^\circ) = 10 \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \, \text{J}
\]

Answer: b. \( 10/\sqrt{2} \, \text{J} \)

Question 3

When a stone tied to a string is whirled in a circle, the work done on it by the string is:

Solution

The stone moves in a direction perpendicular to the force, so no work is done.

Answer: c. Zero

Question 4

A body of mass 2 Kg is dropped from a height of 1 m. Its kinetic energy as it reaches the ground is:

Solution

The kinetic energy is given by \( KE = m \times g \times h \).

\[
KE = 2 \, \text{Kg} \times 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \times 1 \, \text{m} = 19.6 \, \text{J}
\]

Answer: a. 19.6 J

Question 5

A person A does 500 J of work in 10 minutes and another person B does 600 J of work in 20 minutes. Let the power delivered by A and B be \( P_1 \) and \( P_2 \) respectively.

Solution

Power is given by \( P = \frac{W}{t} \).

\[
P_1 = \frac{500 \, \text{J}}{600 \, \text{s}} \quad \text{and} \quad P_2 = \frac{600 \, \text{J}}{1200 \, \text{s}}
\]
\[
P_1 = P_2
\]

Answer: a. \( P_1 = P_2 \)

Question 6

A car is accelerated on a leveled road and acquires a velocity of 4 times its initial velocity. During this process, the potential energy of the car:

Solution

Since the car is on a leveled road, its height doesn’t change. Therefore, its potential energy remains the same.

Answer: a. Does not change

Question 7

An object is falling freely from a height of \( x \). After it has fallen a height of \( x/2 \), it will possess:

Solution

When the object has fallen \( x/2 \), it has converted some of its initial potential energy into kinetic energy. Therefore, it has both kinetic and potential energy.

Answer: c. Half potential energy and half kinetic energy

Question 8

An electric motor raises a load of 0.2 Kg at a constant speed, through a vertical distance of 3.0 m in 2 seconds. If the acceleration of free fall is \( 10 \, \text{m/s}^2 \), the power in watt developed by the motor in raising the load is:

Solution

Power \( P = \frac{W}{t} \)

Work \( W = F \times d \)

\[
F = m \times g = 0.2 \times 10 = 2 \, \text{N}, \quad d = 3 \, \text{m}
\]
\[
P = \frac{2 \times 3}{2} = 3 \, \text{W}
\]

Answer: c. 3.0

Question 9

Which of the following is not the unit of energy?

Solution

Kilowatt is a unit of power, not energy.

Answer: c. Kilowatt

Question 10

How much energy does a 100-watt electric bulb transfer in 1 minute?

Solution

Energy \( E = P \times t \)

\[
E = 100 \, \text{W} \times 60 \, \text{s} = 6000 \, \text{J}
\]

Answer: d. 6000 J

 

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