Fill in the Blanks with Answers on Nutrition and Digestion in Animals

1. The process of taking in food is called ingestion.
2. The process of breaking down complex food substances into simpler forms is known as digestion.
3. After digestion, the simple food substances are absorbed into the blood. This process is called absorption.
4. The absorbed food substances are utilized for energy, growth, and repair by different parts of the body. This process is called assimilation.
5. The process by which undigested food is removed from the body is called egestion.
6. The part of the butterfly that helps it to obtain its food is called proboscis.
7. Human infants are classified in Group 1 based on their mode of feeding because they are primarily breastfed or bottle-fed.
8. Frogs use their sticky tongue to catch insects and other small prey.
9. Salivary glands produce saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.
10. The alimentary canal begins at the mouth and ends at the anus.
11. Paramecium uses hair-like structures called cilia to ingest food.
12. Hydra uses its tentacles to capture and immobilize prey before ingestion.
13. The primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients is the small intestine.
14. Frogs use their sticky tongue to catch insects.
15. Salivary glands produce saliva, which contains the enzyme amylase that breaks down starch into sugars.
16. An experiment to test the action of saliva on starch involves adding iodine solution to both boiled and chewed potato pieces.
17. The bite of chapatti tastes sweet after chewing for some time due to the action of saliva converting starch into sugar.
18. The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva, tasting, and pushing food into the food pipe but does not break down food into simpler substances.
19. Milk teeth are usually lost between the ages of 10 and 12, making way for permanent teeth.
20. Incisors are the sharp, chisel-shaped front teeth used for cutting food.
21. There are two premolars on each side of the upper and lower jaws, making a total of four premolars in each jaw.
22. Tooth decay can be avoided by brushing teeth at least twice a day.
23. The movement of food in the esophagus is called peristalsis.
24. The gastric glands in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid, which aids in digestion.
25. Bile juice, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, helps in the emulsification and breakdown of fats.
26. The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system, measuring about 20 feet in length.
27. Villi are small finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.
28. The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and salts from the remaining undigested food matter.
29. The pancreas produces insulin. The liver produces bile.
30. The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes that help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
31. The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter and forms solid waste (feces).
32. Enamel is the hard, outer layer of the tooth that protects it from decay and damage.
33. Plaque acids erode the enamel, leading to tooth decay.
34. Micturition is the process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra.
35. Hiccups are caused by involuntary, rapid contractions of the diaphragm.
36. The small intestine absorbs glucose and amino acids through its lining into the bloodstream.
37. Ruminating is the process where ruminants regurgitate and chew their cud again to aid digestion.
38. The compound stomach of ruminants includes the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, but not the caecum.
39. Bacteria in the rumen help in breaking down cellulose from plant material.
40. Pseudopodia are extensions of the cell membrane that amoeba use to capture and ingest food.
41. Pseudopodia fuse to form a food vacuole where digestion takes place in amoeba.
42. Undigested food in amoeba is expelled out of the cell through a process called exocytosis.
43. The large intestine absorbs water from the undigested food material.
44. Buffaloes regurgitate and re-chew their cud, which aids in further breaking down the food.
45. If food cannot reach the stomach and intestines, the complete digestion of carbohydrates will not occur.
46. The liver secretes bile juice, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine.
47. Without a gallbladder, bile is not stored and released efficiently, making it difficult to digest fats.
48. The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach, and no digestion occurs there.
49. Gastric juices contain pepsin and hydrochloric acid, which aid in the digestion of proteins.
50. The esophagus is responsible for transporting food to the stomach, and no digestion occurs there.
51. Villi increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.
52. The stomach has strong muscular walls that contract and churn food to mix it with digestive juices.
53. Once digestion is complete, nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream.
54. Hydrochloric acid aids in digestion and kills bacteria, and the stomach lining is protected by mucus.
55. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and also neutralizes stomach acid.
56. The gall bladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.