QnA on Nutrition and Digestion in Animals

1. Question: What is the process of taking in food called?

   Answer: Ingestion

   Reasoning: Ingestion is the process of taking in food through the mouth.

2. Question: The process of breaking down complex food substances into simpler forms is known as:

   Answer: Digestion

   Reasoning: Digestion involves the breakdown of complex food substances into simpler, absorbable forms.

3. Question: After digestion, the simple food substances are absorbed into the blood. This process is called:

   Answer: Absorption

   Reasoning: Absorption is the process where nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream.

4. Question: The absorbed food substances are utilized for energy, growth, and repair by different parts of the body. This process is called:

   Answer: Assimilation

   Reasoning: Assimilation is the process where absorbed nutrients are used by body cells for various functions.

5. Question: The process by which undigested food is removed from the body is called:

   Answer: Egestion

   Reasoning: Egestion is the removal of undigested food and waste materials from the body.

6. Question: Which part of the butterfly helps it to obtain its food?

   Answer: Proboscis

   Reasoning: The proboscis is a long, coiled feeding tube that butterflies use to suck nectar from flowers.

7. Question: Which of the following animals is classified in Group 1 based on their mode of feeding?

   Answer: Human Infants

   Reasoning: Human infants are classified in Group 1 as they are primarily breastfed or bottle-fed.

8. Question: Which organism uses its sticky tongue to catch prey?

   Answer: Frog

   Reasoning: Frogs use their sticky tongues to catch insects and other small prey.

9. Question: Which of the following glands is associated with the production of digestive juice called saliva?

   Answer: Salivary glands

   Reasoning: Salivary glands produce saliva, which contains enzymes that begin the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth.

10. Question: The alimentary canal begins at the ______ and ends at the ______:

    Answer: Mouth, Anus

    Reasoning: The alimentary canal starts at the mouth, where food is ingested, and ends at the anus, where waste is expelled.

11. Question: Which of the following organisms uses hair-like structures called cilia to ingest food?

    Answer: Paramecium

    Reasoning: Paramecium, a unicellular organism, uses cilia to move food particles into its mouth opening.

12. Question: How does a Hydra capture its prey?

    Answer: Using its tentacles

    Reasoning: Hydra uses its tentacles to capture and immobilize prey with stinging cells before ingestion.

13. Question: In which part of the alimentary canal does most of the digestion and absorption occur?

    Answer: Small intestine

    Reasoning: The small intestine is the primary site for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

14. Question: Which structure in frogs helps them to catch insects?

    Answer: Sticky tongue

    Reasoning: Frogs use their sticky tongues to catch insects and other small prey.

15. Question: Which gland produces a digestive juice that breaks down starch into sugars?

    Answer: Salivary glands

    Reasoning: Salivary glands produce saliva, which contains the enzyme amylase that breaks down starch into sugars.

16. Question: What experiment can be done to test the action of saliva on starch?

    Answer: Put boiled potato pieces in test tube A and chewed potato pieces in test tube B, then add iodine solution to both.

    Reasoning: This experiment demonstrates how saliva breaks down starch into simpler sugars, as evidenced by the change in color with iodine.

17. Question: Why does the bite of chapatti taste sweet after chewing for some time?

    Answer: Due to the action of saliva converting starch into sugar.

    Reasoning: Saliva contains the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch into sugar, causing a sweet taste.

18. Question: Which of the following is NOT a function of the tongue?

    Answer: Breaking down food into simpler substances.

    Reasoning: The tongue helps in mixing food with saliva, tasting, and pushing food into the food pipe but does not break down food into simpler substances.

19. Question: At what age do humans typically lose their milk teeth?

    Answer: 10-12 years

    Reasoning: Milk teeth are usually lost between the ages of 10 and 12, making way for permanent teeth.

20. Question: Which type of teeth are used for cutting food?

    Answer: Incisors

    Reasoning: Incisors are the sharp, chisel-shaped front teeth used for cutting food.

21. Question: How many premolars are there in each jaw?

    Answer: Four

    Reasoning: There are two premolars on each side of the upper and lower jaws, making a total of four premolars in each jaw.

22. Question: Tooth decay can be avoided by:

    Answer: Brushing teeth at least twice a day

    Reasoning: Regular brushing helps remove food particles and plaque, preventing tooth decay.

23. Question: What is the movement of food in the esophagus called?

    Answer: Peristalsis

    Reasoning: Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the esophagus.

24. Question: Which gland secretes hydrochloric acid?

    Answer: Gastric glands

    Reasoning: The gastric glands in the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid, which aids in digestion.

25. Question: What is the role of bile juice in digestion?

    Answer: Breaks down fats

    Reasoning: Bile juice, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, helps in the emulsification and breakdown of fats.

26. Question: Which part of the digestive system is the longest?

    Answer: Small intestine

    Reasoning: The small intestine is the longest part of the digestive system, measuring about 20 feet in length.

27. Question: What is the function of villi in the small intestine?

    Answer: To absorb nutrients

    Reasoning: Villi are small finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

28. Question: Where does the absorption of water and salts primarily occur?

    Answer: Large intestine

    Reasoning: The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and salts from the remaining undigested food matter.

29. Question: Which of the following statements is incorrect about the human digestive system?

    Answer: The liver produces insulin.

    Reasoning: The pancreas, not the liver, produces insulin. The liver produces bile.

30. Question: What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

    Answer: Secretes pancreatic juice

    Reasoning: The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice, which contains enzymes that help in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

31. Question: What is the primary function of the large intestine?

    Answer: Absorption of water and formation of feces

    Reasoning: The large intestine absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter and forms solid waste (feces).

32. Question: What is the function of enamel on teeth?

    Answer: To protect teeth

    Reasoning: Enamel is the hard, outer layer of the tooth that protects it from decay and damage.

33. Question: What is the condition caused by acids formed from plaque that affects tooth enamel?

    Answer: Tooth decay

    Reasoning: Plaque acids erode the enamel, leading to tooth decay.

34. Question: What does the process of micturition refer to?

    Answer: Expulsion of urine

    Reasoning: Micturition is the process of expelling urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra.

35. Question: What is the primary cause of hiccups?

    Answer: Rapid contraction of the diaphragm

    Reasoning: Hiccups are caused by involuntary, rapid contractions of the diaphragm.

36. Question: Which component in the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of glucose and amino acids?

    Answer: Small intestine

    Reasoning: The small intestine absorbs glucose and amino acids through its lining into the bloodstream.

37. Question: What is the process called where ruminants chew their cud a second time?

    Answer: Ruminating

    Reasoning: Ruminating is the process where ruminants regurgitate and chew their cud again to aid digestion.

38. Question: Which of the following is NOT a part of the compound stomach in ruminants?

    Answer: Caecum

    Reasoning: The compound stomach of ruminants includes the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum, but not the caecum.

39. Question: What is the role of bacteria in the rumen of ruminants?

    Answer: Digesting cellulose

    Reasoning: Bacteria in the rumen help in breaking down cellulose from plant material.

40. Question: Which structure in amoeba helps in capturing and ingestion of food?

    Answer: Pseudopodia

    Reasoning: Pseudopodia are extensions of the cell membrane that amoeba use to capture and ingest food.

41. Question: In amoeba, the food vacuole is formed by the fusion of:

    Answer: Pseudopodia

    Reasoning: Pseudopodia fuse to form a food vacuole where digestion takes place.

42. Question: What happens to the undigested food in amoeba?

    Answer: It is expelled out of the body

    Reasoning: Undigested food in amoeba is expelled out of the cell through a process called exocytosis.

43. Question: What is the main function of the structure represented by X in the digestive system diagram?

    Answer: Absorb water from undigested food

    Reasoning: The large intestine (represented by X) absorbs water from the undigested food material.

44. Question: Why do humans chew food only when they have it in their mouth, but buffaloes chew continuously?

    Answer: Buffaloes chew continuously because cud, the partially digested food, returns into their mouth in small lumps.

    Reasoning: Buffaloes regurgitate and re-chew their cud, which aids in further breaking down the food.

45. Question: If a patient with cancer of the food pipe is unable to eat and swallow food, what is likely to happen?

    Answer: Complete digestion of carbohydrates does not take place

    Reasoning: If food cannot reach the stomach and intestines, the complete digestion of carbohydrates will not occur.

46. Question: Which organ secretes bile juice?

    Answer: Liver

    Reasoning: The liver secretes bile juice, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine.

47. Question: Which type of food should be avoided by a person who had their gall bladder removed?

    Answer: Fats

    Reasoning: Without a gallbladder, bile is not stored and released efficiently, making it difficult to digest fats.

48. Question: Which organ of the alimentary canal does digestion of food not occur?

    Answer: Esophagus

    Reasoning: The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach, and no digestion occurs there.

49. Question: What is the function of gastric juices secreted in the stomach?

    Answer: Digestion of proteins

    Reasoning: Gastric juices contain pepsin and hydrochloric acid, which aid in the digestion of proteins.

50. Question: In which part of the digestive system does no digestion occur?

    Answer: Esophagus

    Reasoning: The esophagus is responsible for transporting food to the stomach, and no digestion occurs there.

51. Question: What role do villi play in the small intestine?

    Answer: They help in the absorption of digested food

    Reasoning: Villi increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients in the small intestine.

52. Question: Why is the stomach considered a muscular elastic bag?

    Answer: It churns food

    Reasoning: The stomach has strong muscular walls that contract and churn food to mix it with digestive juices.

53. Question: What happens if digestion completes in the small intestine?

    Answer: Nutrients are absorbed into the blood

    Reasoning: Once digestion is complete, nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream.

54. Question: Which substance in the stomach is corrosive in nature but does not harm the stomach?

    Answer: Hydrochloric acid

    Reasoning: Hydrochloric acid aids in digestion and kills bacteria, and the stomach lining is protected by mucus.

55. Question: What is the role of pancreatic juice in digestion?

    Answer: All of the above

    Reasoning: Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and also neutralizes stomach acid.

56. Question: What is the function of the gall bladder in digestion?

    Answer: It stores bile juice

    Reasoning: The gall bladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.